http://www.adhs-studien.info//rss2.php Wissenschaftliche Informationen zu ADHS bei Kindern und Erwachsenen http://www.adhs-studien.info/img/banner2.png http://www.adhs-studien.info//rss2.php de-de http://www.adhs-studien.info/Aergerlich_Neuronale_Korrelate_der_Verhaltenshemmung_auf_emotionale_Signale_Sozial_-_emotionale_Probleme_bei_der_Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit_-__Hyperaktivitaetsstoerung.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Aergerlich_Neuronale_Korrelate_der_Verhaltenshemmung_auf_emotionale_Signale_Sozial_-_emotionale_Probleme_bei_der_Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit_-__Hyperaktivitaetsstoerung.html Fri, 11 May 2012 06:56:07 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Inhaltliche_Validierung_der_deutschen_Uebersetzung_des_Schema_Mode_Inventory_-_revised_SMI-r.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Inhaltliche_Validierung_der_deutschen_Uebersetzung_des_Schema_Mode_Inventory_-_revised_SMI-r.html Fri, 11 May 2012 06:19:16 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Teilnahme_am_Strassenverkehr_und_Psychopathologie_bei_Jugendlichen_und_jungen_Erwachsenen.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Teilnahme_am_Strassenverkehr_und_Psychopathologie_bei_Jugendlichen_und_jungen_Erwachsenen.html Mon, 7 May 2012 22:19:00 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Inhibition_flexibility_working_memory_and_planning_in_autism_spectrum_disorders_with_and_without_comorbid_ADHD_-_symptoms.html
Methods: Children aged 6 to 18 years old with ADHD (n = 20) or ASD (High-Functioning autism or Asperger syndrome) with (n = 20) and without (n = 20) comorbid ADHD and a typically developing group (n = 20) were compared on a battery of EF tasks comprising inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning tasks. A MANOVA, effect sizes as well as correlations between ADHD-symptomatology and EF performance were calculated. Age- and IQ-corrected z scores were used.

Results: There was a significant effect for the factor group (F = 1.55; dF = 42; p = .02). Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences between the ADHD and the TD group on the inhibition task for false alarms (p = .01) and between the ADHD group, the ASD+ group (p = .03), the ASD- group (p = .02) and the TD group (p = .01) for omissions. Effect sizes showed clear deficits of ADHD children in inhibition and working memory tasks. Participants with ASD were impaired in planning and flexibility abilities. The ASD+ group showed compared to the ASD- group more problems in inhibitory performance but not in the working memory task.

Conclusion: Our findings replicate previous results reporting impairment of ADHD children in inhibition and working memory tasks and of ASD children in planning and flexibility abilities. The ASD + group showed similarities to the ADHD group with regard to inhibitory but not to working memory deficits. Nevertheless the heterogeneity of these and previous results shows that EF assessment is not useful for differential diagnosis between ADHD and ASD. It might be useful for evaluating strengths and weaknesses in individual children.]]> http://www.adhs-studien.info/Inhibition_flexibility_working_memory_and_planning_in_autism_spectrum_disorders_with_and_without_comorbid_ADHD_-_symptoms.html Mon, 7 May 2012 22:08:01 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Selbst_-_Stigma_bei_Frauen_mit_Borderline_-_Persoenlichkeitsstoerung_und_Frauen_mit_Sozialer_Phobie.html
Methodik: Anhand von Selbstbeurteilungsskalen wurden bei 60 stationär behandelten Patientinnen mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung und 30 ambulant betreuten Patientinnen mit Sozialer Phobie Selbst-Stigma und verwandte Konstrukte gemessen. Zusätzlich wurden Depressivität, Lebensqualität, Schamneigung sowie Allgemeine Psychopathologie erfasst.

Ergebnisse: Selbst-Stigma zeigte eine negative Korrelation mit Selbstwert, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und Lebensqualität und prädizierte, nach Kontrolle für Schamneigung und Depressivität, niedrigen Selbstwert. Stereotypenwahrnehmung korrelierte nicht signifikant negativ mit Selbstwert und Lebensqualität. Während keine Unterschiede in der Stereotypenwahrnehmung bei Frauen mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung und Frauen mit Sozialer Phobie gemessen wurden, war Selbst-Stigma bei Frauen mit Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung ausgeprägter als bei Frauen mit Sozialer Phobie.

Diskussion: Selbst-Stigma ist assoziiert mit niedrigem Selbstwert und anderen Merkmaleneines schlechten psychischen Allgemeinzustandes. Im Vergleich zu Frauen mit SozialerPhobie sind Frauen mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung stärker von Selbst-Stigma betroffen. Dies könnte auf den Umstand zurückgeführt werden, dass Frauen mit Borderline- Persönlichkeitsstörung aufgrund häufiger stationärer Aufenthalte, sichtbarer Narben sowie zwischenmenschlicher Schwierigkeiten einem starken Etikettierungsprozess als psychisch Kranke ausgesetzt sind.]]> http://www.adhs-studien.info/Selbst_-_Stigma_bei_Frauen_mit_Borderline_-_Persoenlichkeitsstoerung_und_Frauen_mit_Sozialer_Phobie.html Fri, 4 May 2012 03:32:02 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Clinical_Significance_of_Tics_and_Attention_-_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_ADHD_in_Children_With_Pervasive_Developmental_Disorder.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Clinical_Significance_of_Tics_and_Attention_-_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_ADHD_in_Children_With_Pervasive_Developmental_Disorder.html Fri, 4 May 2012 03:23:43 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Untersuchungen_zur_Wirksamkeit_der_Dialektisch_-__Behavioralen_Therapie_bei_Patientinnen_mit_Borderline_-__Persoenlichkeitsstoerung.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Untersuchungen_zur_Wirksamkeit_der_Dialektisch_-__Behavioralen_Therapie_bei_Patientinnen_mit_Borderline_-__Persoenlichkeitsstoerung.html Wed, 2 May 2012 17:27:00 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Response_variability_in_Attention_-_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_-_a_neuronal_and_glial_energetics_hypothesis.html
The hypothesis: We propose that in ADHD, astrocyte function is insufficient, particularly in terms of its formation and supply of lactate. This insufficiency has implications both for performance and development: H1) In rapidly firing neurons there is deficient ATP production, slow restoration of ionic gradients across neuronal membranes and delayed neuronal firing; H2) In oligodendrocytes insufficient lactate supply impairs fatty acid synthesis and myelination of axons during development. These effects occur over vastly different time scales: those due to deficient ATP (H1) occur over milliseconds, whereas those due to deficient myelination (H2) occur over months and years. Collectively the neural outcomes of impaired astrocytic release of lactate manifest behaviourally as inefficient and inconsistent performance (variable response times across the lifespan, especially during activities that require sustained speeded responses and complex information processing).

Testing the hypothesis: Multi-level and multi-method approaches are required. These include: 1) Use of dynamic strategies to evaluate cognitive performance under conditions that vary in duration, complexity, speed, and reinforcement; 2) Use of sensitive neuroimaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electroencephalography or magnetoencephalopathy to quantify developmental changes in myelination in ADHD as a potential basis for the delayed maturation of brain function and coordination, and 3) Investigation of the prevalence of genetic markers for factors that regulate energy metabolism (lactate, glutamate, glucose transporters, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, glycolytic enzymes), release of glutamate from synaptic terminals and glutamate-stimulated lactate production (SNAP25, glutamate receptors, adenosine receptors, neurexins, intracellular Ca2+), as well as astrocyte function (a1, a2 and ß-adrenoceptors, dopamine D1 receptors) and myelin synthesis (lactate transporter, Lingo-1, Quaking homolog, leukemia inhibitory factor, and Transferrin).

Implications of the hypothesis: The hypothesis extends existing theories of ADHD by proposing a physiological basis for specific aspects of the ADHD phenotype - namely frequent, transient and impairing fluctuations in functioning, particularly during performance of speeded, effortful tasks. The immediate effects of deficient ATP production and slow restoration of ionic gradients across membranes of rapidly firing neurons have implications for daily functioning: For individuals with ADHD, performance efficacy would be enhanced if repetitive and lengthy effortful tasks were segmented to reduce concurrent demands for speed and accuracy of response (introduction of breaks into lengthy/effortful activities such as examinations, motorway driving, assembly-line production). Also, variations in task or modality and the use of self- rather than system-paced schedules would be helpful. This would enable energetic demands to be distributed to alternate neural resources, and energy reserves to be re-established. Longer-term effects may manifest as reduction in regional brain volumes since brain areas with the highest energy demand will be most affected by a restricted energy supply and may be reduced in size. Novel forms of therapeutic agent and delivery system could be based on factors that regulate energy production and myelin synthesis. Since the phenomena and our proposed basis for it are not unique to ADHD but also manifests in other disorders, the implications of our hypotheses may be relevant to understanding and remediating these other conditions as well.]]> http://www.adhs-studien.info/Response_variability_in_Attention_-_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_-_a_neuronal_and_glial_energetics_hypothesis.html Wed, 2 May 2012 17:08:25 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Toxicity_of_amphetamines_-_an_update.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Toxicity_of_amphetamines_-_an_update.html Tue, 1 May 2012 22:23:52 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Homoeopathie_in_der_Behandlung_von_Kindern_mit_ADS_ADHS.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Homoeopathie_in_der_Behandlung_von_Kindern_mit_ADS_ADHS.html Tue, 1 May 2012 18:59:23 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Psychometric_analysis_of_the_new_ADHD_DSM_-_V_derived_symptoms.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Psychometric_analysis_of_the_new_ADHD_DSM_-_V_derived_symptoms.html Tue, 1 May 2012 00:27:09 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Attention_-_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_ADHD_-_Does_New_Research_Support_Old_Concepts.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Attention_-_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_ADHD_-_Does_New_Research_Support_Old_Concepts.html Mon, 30 Apr 2012 22:59:36 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Pharmacotherapy_of_Attention_-_deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_Reduces_Risk_for_Substance_Use_Disorder.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Pharmacotherapy_of_Attention_-_deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_Reduces_Risk_for_Substance_Use_Disorder.html Mon, 30 Apr 2012 21:24:06 GMT http://www.adhs-studien.info/Persoenlichkeitsstruktur_bei_PatientInnen_mit_Borderline_-_Persoenlichkeitsstoerung_BPS_mit_oder_ohne_selbstverletzendem_Verhalten.html http://www.adhs-studien.info/Persoenlichkeitsstruktur_bei_PatientInnen_mit_Borderline_-_Persoenlichkeitsstoerung_BPS_mit_oder_ohne_selbstverletzendem_Verhalten.html Mon, 30 Apr 2012 21:12:34 GMT