Alcohol abuse and dependence in childhood and adolescence

Abstract

Increased alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of physical and mental disorders and entails major risks for further development, especially in children and adolescents. They are particularly vulnerable because brain maturation is not yet complete. Germany is considered a high-consumption country with a largely liberal approach to alcohol; around 10 million people show at least problematic drinking behavior. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to alcohol use among children and adolescents. Alcohol is the most widely used psychoactive substance, including among those under 16 years of age. High alcohol consumption in childhood and adolescence is associated with a high risk of developing dependence as well as physical, psychological, and psychosocial sequelae. The rate of suicide or suicide attempts is three to four times higher among adolescents with increased alcohol consumption. Because alcohol may have diverse and potentially persistent effects on brain development, primary preventive measures are of crucial importance in promoting a responsible approach to alcohol.