Neurofeedback therapy for ADHD and autism: an experience report with case examples

Abstract

Many diseases, disorders, or unwanted behavioral patterns can be attributed to dysregulation of electrical brain activity. Neurofeedback uses measurement of brain waves (EEG waves) to improve and correct regulatory disturbances in the brain through feedback training. Neurofeedback can be used successfully for numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, particularly in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism in children and adolescents. Neurofeedback is also becoming increasingly important in health promotion and prevention, for example as training for stress management or for maintaining mental flexibility in old age. Other applications include enhancement of mental performance (peak-performance training) in elite sports as well as improvement of artistic performance in musicians. The two case examples described here, involving autism/Asperger syndrome (child) and attention-deficit disorder (ADD)/ADHD (adolescent), illustrate possible uses of neurofeedback in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Treatment success is usually evident quickly. Short-term deteriorations triggered by external influences can be readily buffered by consistently continuing the training. Neurofeedback is a scientifically recognized therapeutic method. Particularly in the treatment of ADHD and autism in children and adolescents, this form of therapy is supported by scientifically sound and broad-based renowned international studies. Contrary to the international trend, neurofeedback is scarcely used and therefore little known in Austria. It is still considered a self-pay service. However, increasing numbers of private insurers recognize neurofeedback as a valuable alternative form of treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders and cover up to 80% of treatment costs.