Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – also in gifted individuals?

Abstract

One cause of unexpectedly poor performance among gifted individuals (so-called underachievement) is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD denotes a disorder primarily characterized by substantial impairments in concentration and sustained attention, impulse-control disorders, emotional-regulation difficulties, and optionally motor hyperactivity. Similar to dyslexia, another specific learning disorder, or a developmental disorder, ADHD can substantially hinder the development of abilities and personality in gifted individuals. Untreated ADHD can lead to hyperactivity, pronounced daydreaming, developmental and learning disorders, disruptive behavior at school, in the family, and during leisure time and, in some cases, delinquent behavior, substance use disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental illnesses. Primarily pharmacological treatment of ADHD makes it possible in many cases for gifted individuals with ADHD to develop themselves and their potential and to achieve social integration more easily.